Neutron activation analysis of archeological artifacts using the ISIS pulsed neutron source

Archeological artifacts can be analyzed after neutron irradiation at the pulsed ISIS neutron and muon source, UK, using a newly installed high purity germanium gamma ray spectrometer to perform neutron activation analysis. In this work, the details of the measurement methods and data analysis are presented. In particular, it is explained how Monte Carlo calculations are necessary to evaluate the detection efficiency, taking into account self-shielding effects. The results for two certified bronze standards are presented. The good agreement between expected and measured compositions is promising for the use of this technique for archeological artifacts where the elemental concentration is often unknown. As an example, the analysis of a Chinese sword from the first or second century BC is presented

Investigation of a Monturaqui Impactite by Means of Bi-Modal X-ray and Neutron Tomography

X-ray and neutron tomography are applied as a bi-modal approach for the 3D characterisation of a Monturaqui impactite formed by shock metamorphism during the impact of an iron meteorite with the target rocks in the Monturaqui crater (Chile). The particular impactite exhibits structural heterogeneities on many length scales: its composition is dominated by silicate-based glassy and crystalline materials with voids and Fe/Ni-metal and oxihydroxides particles generally smaller than 1 mm in diameter. The non-destructive investigation allowed us to apply a novel bi-modal imaging approach that provides a more detailed and quantitative understanding of the structural and chemical composition compared to standard single mode imaging methods, as X-ray and neutron interaction with matter results in different attenuation coefficients with a non-linear relation. The X-ray and neutron data sets have been registered, and used for material segmentation, porosity and metallic content characterization. The bimodal data enabled the segmentation of a large number of different materials, their morphology as well as distribution in the specimen including the quantification of volume fractions. The 3D data revealed an evaporite type of material in the impactite not noticed in previous studies. The present study is exemplary in demonstrating the potential for non-destructive characterisation of key features of complex multi-phase objects such as impactites

The Earth BioGenome Project 2020: Starting the clock

descripción no proporcionada por scopu

The Earth BioGenome Project 2020: Starting the clock.

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Lewin, H. A., Richards, S., Lieberman Aiden, E., Allende, M. L., Archibald, J. M., Bálint, M., Barker, K. B., Baumgartner, B., Belov, K., Bertorelle, G., Blaxter, Mark L., Cai, J., Caperello, N. D., Carlson, K., Castilla-Rubio, J. C., Chaw, S-M., Chen, L., Childers, A. K., Coddington, J. A., Conde, D. A., Corominas, M., Crandall, K. A., Crawford, A. J., DiPalma, F., Durbin, R., Ebenezer, T. E., Edwards, S. V., Fedrigo, O., Flicek, P., Formenti, G., Gibbs, R. A., Gilbert, M. Thomas P., Goldstein, M. M., Graves, J. M., Greely, H. T., Grigoriev, I. V., Hackett, K. J., Hall, N., Haussler, D., Helgen, K. M., Hogg, C. J., Isobe, S., Jakobsen, K. S., Janke, A., Jarvis, E. D., Johnson, W. E., Jones, S. J. M., Karlsson, E. K., Kersey, P. J., Kim, J-H., Kress, W. J., Kuraku, S., Lawniczak, M. K. N., Leebens-Mack, J. H., Li, X., Lindblad-Toh, K., Liu, X., Lopez, J. V., Marques-Bonet, T., Mazard, S., Mazet, J. A. K., Mazzoni, C. J., Myers, E. W., O’Neill, R. J., Paez, S., Park, H., Robinson, G. E., Roquet, C., Ryder, O. A., Sabir, J. S. M., Shaffer, H. B., Shank, T. M., Sherkow, J. S., Soltis, P. S., Tang, B., Tedersoo, L., Uliano-Silva, M., Wang, K., Wei, X., Wetzer, R., Wilson, J. L., Xu, X., Yang, H., Yoder, A. D., Zhang, G. The Earth BioGenome Project 2020: starting the clock. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(4), (2022): e2115635118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115635118.November 2020 marked 2 y since the launch of the Earth BioGenome Project (EBP), which aims to sequence all known eukaryotic species in a 10-y timeframe. Since then, significant progress has been made across all aspects of the EBP roadmap, as outlined in the 2018 article describing the project’s goals, strategies, and challenges (1). The launch phase has ended and the clock has started on reaching the EBP’s major milestones. This Special Feature explores the many facets of the EBP, including a review of progress, a description of major scientific goals, exemplar projects, ethical legal and social issues, and applications of biodiversity genomics. In this Introduction, we summarize the current status of the EBP, held virtually October 5 to 9, 2020, including recent updates through February 2021. References to the nine Perspective articles included in this Special Feature are cited to guide the reader toward deeper understanding of the goals and challenges facing the EBP

Volver a la tradición mediante la innovación

La investigación y la innovación se consideran los pilares por divulgar ante la comunidad cientí fica, esta es la premisa que debería regir en las comunidades académicas, asociado a la sabidu ría ancestral. Esto lleva al estudio y la aplicación de lo que se ha debatido en foros y congresos en relación con temas actuales como las migraciones campo-ciudad, la sostenibilidad y las tecnologías de vanguardia que aportan el más apropiado aprovechamiento de los recursos, aunado al pensamiento en torno al desarrollo del territorio en aras de metabolizar ciudades sostenibles y, a su vez, entretejidas en todos los aspectos con el medio natural. Es allí donde se abren espacios académicos a la comunidad científica en espera de abordar las temáticas en las que se piense y analice el futuro de las ciudades, y se reflexione acerca de los intereses a futuro en cuanto a la tecnología, el medioambiente y la sostenibilidad

A Return to Tradition through Innovation

Resumen La investigación y la innovación se consideran los pilares por divulgar ante la comunidad científica, esta es la premisa que debería regir en las comunidades académicas, asociado a la sabiduría ancestral. Esto lleva al estudio y la aplicación de lo que se ha debatido en foros y congresos en relación con temas actuales como las migraciones campo-ciudad, la sostenibilidad y las tecnologías de vanguardia que aportan el más apropiado aprovechamiento de los recursos, aunado al pensamiento en torno al desarrollo del territorio en aras de metabolizar ciudades sostenibles y, a su vez, entretejidas en todos los aspectos con el medio natural. Es allí donde se abren espacios académicos a la comunidad científica en espera de abordar las temáticas en las que se piense y analice el futuro de las ciudades, y se reflexione acerca de los intereses a futuro en cuanto a la tecnología, el medioambiente y la sostenibilidad. Palabras clave: territorio, material compuesto, material contaminante, zona urbana, medio rural.A Return to Tradition through InnovationAbstractResearch and innovation are considered to be the basis for dissemination to the scientific community, this is the premise that should govern academic communities, associated with ancestral wisdom. This leads to the study and implementation of what has been discussed in forums and congresses in relation to current issues, such as rural-to-urban migrations, sustainability, and cutting-edge technologies that provide the most appropriate use of resources, combined with thoughts about territorial development in order to metabolize sustainable cities that are, in turn, interwoven, in all aspects, with the natural environment. This also provides academic spaces, open to the scientific community, to address issues that consider and analyze the future of cities, and reflect on future interests in terms of technology, environment, and sustainability.Keywords: territory, composite material, polluting material, urban area, rural environment.Voltar à tradição mediante a inovaçãoResumoA pesquisa e a inovação são consideradas os pilares para difundir o conhecimento científico ante a comunidade. Este é o princípio que deveria ser seguido nas comunidades acadêmicas, associado com a sabedoria ancestral. Isso leva ao estudo e aplicação do que tem sido debatido em fóruns e congressos sobre temas atuais como as migrações campo-cidade, a sustentabilidade e as tecnologias de vanguarda que contribuem com o aproveitamento mais adequado dos recursos, junto ao pensamento sobre o desenvolvimento do território com o intuito de metabolizar cidades sustentáveis e, por sua vez, entrelaçadas em todos os aspectos com o meio natural. É aí onde se abrem espaços acadêmicos à comunidade científica à espera de abordar as temáticas nas quais se pense e se analise o futuro das cidades, além de refletir acerca dos interesses para o porvir quanto à tecnologia, ao meio ambiente e à sustentabilidade.Palavras-chave: área urbana, material composto, material poluente, meio rural, território.Recibido: agosto 10 / 2017    Evaluado: agosto 18 / 2017    Aceptado: septiembre 08 / 2017</p

Revisión del buen uso de las palabras clave en las revistas de arquitectura iberoamericanas, en cuanto a frecuencia y tendencia

The importance of the proper use of keywords as metadata of a scientific article is becoming more relevant every day as an identification element in indexing systems. Today scientific journals are migrating from paper to electronic media, and likewise, queries by users; consequently, this forces the quality of the keywords to be more assertive in their choice. The Revista de Arquitectura (Bogotá) seeks to identify the research problems of the disciplinary community regarding the structuring of research articles. Thus, it has been identified that the keywords do not have the expected impact as a fundamental element of the manuscript, if it is understood that they can become a valuable element for the assertive visibility of the publication. Based on the above, a survey was made of the most used keywords in the serial periodical architecture publications in the Spanish-speaking context, between 2017 and 2021. They were classified into five thematic groups, and the frequency of use was verified for each cluster. Those with the highest frequency were consulted in Scopus, and thus a new series of keywords was obtained for each thematic group. The words with the highest frequency of both studies were compared respecting the thematic groups, to later be reviewed in a trend engine, and thus their search frequency was established and, therefore, their impact and their trend in 2021. It is concluded that the good use of keywords is a fundamental element in the communication of an article, since the attention paid to the frequency and trend of use can determine the visibility of said article, and thus increase its impact as a citation. Likewise, understand the role of the editor, as guarantor of the dissemination of the research, and in terms of the appropriation that the reader of the article can have, understanding the latter as the one who consults and cites the research articles proposed from the architecture.La importancia del buen uso de las palabras clave como metadato de un artículo científico es cada día más relevante como elemento de identificación en los sistemas de indexación. Hoy en día las revistas científicas están migrando del papel a los medios electrónicos, y así mismo, las consultas por parte de los usuarios; por consiguiente, esto obliga a que la calidad de las palabras clave sea más asertiva en su escogencia. La Revista de Arquitectura (Bogotá) busca identificar los problemas de la investigación de la comunidad disciplinar en cuanto a la estructuración de los artículos de investigación; así, ha identificado que las palabras clave no llegan a tener el impacto esperado como elemento fundamental del manuscrito, si se entiende que estas pueden llegar a ser un elemento de valor para la asertiva visibilidad de la publicación. Con base en lo anterior, se hizo el levantamiento de las palabras clave más utilizadas en las publicaciones periódicas seriadas de arquitectura en el contexto hispanoparlante, entre 2017 y 2021. Se las clasificó en cinco grupos temáticos, y se verificó la frecuencia de uso por cada grupo. Las de mayor frecuencia se consultaron en Scopus, y así se obtuvo por cada grupo temático una nueva serie de palabras clave. Las palabras de mayor frecuencia de ambos estudios se compararon respetando los grupos temáticos, para luego ser revisadas en motor de tendencia, y así se establecieron su frecuencia de búsqueda y, por ende, su impacto y su tendencia en 2021. Se concluye que el buen uso de las palabras clave es un elemento fundamental en la comunicación de un artículo, pues la atención prestada a la frecuencia y la tendencia de uso puede llegar a determinar la visibilidad de dicho artículo, y así aumentar su impacto en cuanto a citación; así mismo, comprender el rol del editor como garante de la divulgación de la investigación, y en cuanto a la apropiación que puede llegar a tener el lector del artículo, entendido este último como el que consulta y cita los artículos de investigación propuestos desde la arquitectura